All signs suggest that the transition from greater sudan to the republics of sudan and south sudan is not. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Concepts and practices of womens movements, 2nd ed. The country attracted international attention in the 1990sasa breeding ground of islamist terrorism, and recently tensions between the prosperous center and the periphery, between the north and the south, have exploded in darfur. Darfur humanitarian overview 1 january 2017 infographic. Formation of the south sudan liberation army ssla 2011. The international communitys current approach to brokering peace between the two. Female genital mutilation and cutting in sudan a report by. In the context of ongoing conflict, donor governments, including the united states, may. South sudan conflict pdf download south sudan conflict. Introduction documenting the african unions leadership in the darfur peace process and the mediation between sudan and south sudan.
As a political entity, then, sudanlikemany african countriesisa fairly recent creation. As southern sudan s selfdetermination referendum approaches, the country faces one of the most important moments in its history. The talks titled revitalisation forum are a product of the igad assembly of heads of state summit of june 12, 2017, when the regional body agreed to revitalise the south sudan peace process. The inside story of the negotiations that ended africa s longest. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group.
Sudans constitution of 2005 subsequently amended historical. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of sudan and the splmspla with annexes download select language. For research purposes, we maintain the documents which have been previously agreeed to in our digital collection, although many of these have been. The sudan peoples liberation army spla split between forces loyal to the government and forces loyal to former vicepresident riek machar.
Peace agreement and the prospect for sudan s future the brookings institution 1775 massachusetts avenue nw, washington, dc thursday, january 6, 1pm2. Fighting moved rapidly to various military installations and, by the next morning, into civilian neighbourhoods. Community in assisting the people of the sudan to return to peace and stability, and in particular, to the african union, igad partners forum, the united nations, and. The sudan peoples liberation movement, the ruling political party that originally led the way for independence, is now divided and fighting for power. In february 2009, the african union highlevel panel on darfur aupd, chaired by former south african president thabo mbeki, and including former burundian president pierre buyoya, and former nigerian president gen. A chronology of the sudanese peace process 19892001. In 2011, south sudan became an independent country. The comprehensive peace agreement is a collection of agreements agreed to december 31, 2004 and signed, in a formal ceremony, on january 9, 2005. Nonviolence and just peace conference, rome, 11 april 2016 the people to people peace process, south sudan by john ashworth by 1991 sudans second civil war, pitting the southern sudanese and their sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma against the regime in khartoum, was already eight years old and had caused untold suffering.
Eprs peace agreement in south sudan members research service page 3 of 8 context in december 20, political and ethnic tension in twoyear old south sudan erupted in a violent civil war. The failure of efforts thus far to bring peace to greater sudan, especially the comprehensive peace agreement project, does not bode well for the chances of avoiding new decades of conflict and the countries continued impoverishment. This is finding peace in south sudan by kensington church on vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. The agreement ended a 20year old civil war pitting the indigenous population against successive arab muslim regimes in khartoum. For more than eighteen months, the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the regional body mediating peace negotiations to end south sudans civil war, has struggled to secure a deal in the face of deep regional divisions and the parties truculence. Nonviolence and just peace conference, rome, 11 april. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. The spla has secured a large share of sudans oil money and lots of jobs which may give a new incentive to rebellion in disgruntled regions elsewhere in sudan. Sudan is the largest country in africa and also one of the most inhospitable. A culminating event of the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement.
Sudansa process that has been crawling since south sudans secession in. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa between the government of sudan gos and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy splma signed on the 9th january of 2005 formally ended one of the longest and highly violent armed conflicts in africa. Committed to achieving enduring peace and stability in the republic of south sudan. The south sudanese nation is mired in a tumultuous crisis that is threatening to tear it asunder. The umma party gained popular support in western sudan particularly among the baggara and other. A proposal to end the cycle of incremental progress and. Accepting the immediate need to bring an end to the tragic conflict ongoing in the republic of south sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and. The sudanese women empowerment for peace suwep in sudan changing their world. Comprehensive peace agreement between the government of.
The book is also important as it places the reader in the middle of these complicated, unfolding and sometimes contradictory debates. The comprehensive peace agreement between the government. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 resulted in the independence of south sudan in 2011 after seceding from sudan. The country could soon witness one of the first partitions of an african state since the colonial era. This book is valuable as an articulation of important ideas and perspectives that are part of the south sudanese debate. Institutional developments and political trends in focus areas samson s. Genesis of a conflict and its impacts participation in the october 1964 revolution and. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa that ended sudan s second civil war in 2005 took almost three years to mature and would never have been signed had it not been for the dedication of a small number of individuals from sudan and the broader international community. Additionally, the discovery of vast reserves of oil in southern sudan intensified the causes for rebellion althaus 1999. Despite these efforts and achievements, violent conflict persists, though mostly between groups within the two countries. Sudan, oil, and human rights human rights watch brussels london new york washington, d. Wassara phd1 introduction the sudan is a vast and varied country in terms of its geography and people, defining its social and political relations from the colonial era through independence. Sudan, oil, and human rights defending human rights.
However, its lack of implementation has sparked conflict in the oilrich abyei, south. The europeansudanese public affairs council, london. South sudan conflict pdf download south sudan conflict issue pdf download south sudan gained independence from sudan in july 2011, but the hardwon celebration was shortlived. The agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan arcss signed in 2015 between the government of south sudan and the sudan peoples liberation movementarmy in opposition splmaio was meant to restore peace and stability to south sudan, but it failed to do so. Like many territorial demarcations in the continent, sudans present borderlines were defined by the colonial powers at the turn ofthe century. Sudans independence from the angloegyptian rule in 1956 marked a new era in at least three sets of relationships as far as darfur is concerned. Why the previous peace agreements failed to bring peace to. Sudanese womens involvement in peace processes sudan at a glance. The impact of the comprehensive peace agreement and the. This ended the civil war and allowed for a referendum and eventual south sudanese independence in 2011. Included are updates and amendments to previous protocols. It is a sad truth that waging peace is always much harder than waging war. This briefing compiles the evidence presented in reports and articles, as well as from interviews with both practitioners and beneficiaries, of mental health provision in sudan. Sudan popular defense forces pdf the popular defense force, the military wing of the national islamic front, consists of 10,000 active members, with 85,000 reserves as of 2004.
Senior research associate, institute of governance studies, simon fraser university, vancouver, canada. Today we stand on the brink of an agreement to end sudans cruel civil wa. Sudan is a country of fragile ecosystems, frequent droughts, and, as a result, pressing challenges to address the national priorities of food security, water supply, and public health. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service some accounts, the tgnu and the peace agreement on which it was based have collapsed, and reports suggest that both sides may be preparing for a return to fullscale war.
The 2005 comprehensive peace agreement guarantees a referendum on self determination for southern sudan, which is scheduled for january 2011. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement cpa, which ended one of worlds longest and bloodiest wars, is rightly considered a seminal peacebuilding achievement of the united states. Female genital mutilation and cutting in s udan a report by waging peace, october 2015 prevalence female genital mutilationcutting fgmc refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for nonmedical reasons1. There are several reasons to believe that the chances for a peaceful solution to the sudanese conflict are better now than they have ever been. Sudans comprehensive peace agreement viewed through the. The search for peace in the sudan the europeansudanese public affairs council, london.
See sudan to join african free trade area, news article by reuters, 30 october 2000. A history of modern sudan sudans modern history has been consumed by revolution and civil war. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. With international pressure, in 2005, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed by the sudan peoples liberation army splma and khartoum. The search for peace in the sudan the embassy of sudan. Sudansnorthsouthconflictowes its genesis tothecolonialpast.
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